What are the main features of British conservatism, and how have these features changed from one conservative leader to another Essay Example

What are the main features of British conservatism, and how have these features changed from one conservative leader to another? Essay Given that the Conservative Party is the oldest political establishment in Britain, a study of its history and evolution will reflect broader socio-economic changes. From the earliest days of parliamentary democracy in Britain to the current modern polity, the Conservative Party has withstood many upheavals and challenges. This essay attempts to identity the main features of British conservatism by way of studying its primary political representative that is the Conservative Party, the implication being that not all policies of the Conservative Party have been consistent with the theme of British conservatism and vice versa. Conservatives have never been known to support universal health care. The reluctance of the Conservative party to support an efficient and public funded healthcare system remains one of its major criticisms. Conservatism in Britain is also associated with staunch nationalism and the concept of â€Å"one-nation†. The Tory party’s attempts to rejuvenate its electoral prospects have taken the form of party brochures and propaganda literature. The â€Å"Renewing One Nation† campaign under the leadership of Stanley Kalms may not have persuaded the electorate, but it nevertheless brought to light the other recurrent theme of Conservative ideology in Britain– that of its links with Christian organizations. Even if official Conservative rhetoric makes mention of the virtues of separating State and Church, it is one of the open secrets in British polity that the Conservative Party patronizes Christian faith and at elections expects a return favour. This expla ins why the Tories have failed to win the trust of the growing numbers of religious and ethnic minorities in the country (Coxall Robins, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on What are the main features of British conservatism, and how have these features changed from one conservative leader to another? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What are the main features of British conservatism, and how have these features changed from one conservative leader to another? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What are the main features of British conservatism, and how have these features changed from one conservative leader to another? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Yet, in spite of the apparent rigidity in Conservative ideology, the party has shown some flexibility at crucial junctures in the nation’s history. While the â€Å"one nation† policy and its attendant policies of social reform and limited economic planning were significant factors in the Tories’ consistent electoral success for most part of the twentieth century, the party’s policy framework had also shown signs of malleability: â€Å"When Winston Churchill lost power in 1945, he quickly called on people such as Rab Butler to devise an inclusive, socially reformist postwar policy agenda. The result was a drastically reduced Labour majority in 1950 and a Tory election victory in 1951. In the two subsequent elections, the Conservatives, led by men who believed in the party’s national responsibility and who abhorred the right-wing narrow-mindedness of some of the party’s activists, increased their share of the vote to margins that Margaret Thatcher would only be able to dream of.† (Porter, 1999) In assessing Britain’s performance in the decade of Conservative party rule in the 1950s, two prominent themes emerge as the backbone of British identity. The first is a symbolic one, that of the triumph over Nazi Germany in 1945. While Britain’s days of imperial glory had come to an end by then, it had other prospects to look forward to, namely the prosperity and standard of living of its people. During the 1950s and early 1960s, the British people saw a â€Å"sustained improvement in welfare provision, even after Labour gave way to the Conservatives in 1951. So, too, did the rising level of personal prosperity culminating in a `great leap forward’ into affluence at the end of the 1950s.† This is all the more commendable when seen in light of the fact that social welfare is not usually associated with British Conservatism. Indeed the Tory government in the 1950s had admirably â€Å"balanced the often conflicting priorities of `welfare’ and `g reatness’† (Porter, 1999). But some commentators are of the view that in the trade-off between ‘welfare’ and ‘greatness’, it was the former that had emerged the stronger. In other words, â€Å"if welfare, broadly defined, was prioritised, was it really such an undesirable outcome? Britain may have lost an empire but there are many who would ask whether this was a morally defensible or economically advantageous arrangement anyway† (Clarke, 2004). The 13 years of Conservative party rule from 1951 to 1964 are crucial to any assessment of the nation past the Second World War period. For Tory governments of this period, headed first by Winston Churchill and later by Eden, Macmillan and Home, the primary issue was to cope with the reduced stature of Britain in the new global order to go with the rising expectations of Britons at home â€Å"as people began to regard welfare as a right and affluence as a reasonable expectation. In this period `the art of the possible’, as pol itics was once described, required that constant attention be given to the delicate balance between external priorities (greatness) and internal priorities (welfare)† (Clarke, 2004). This brings us to the most controversial of Tory leaders in the person of Margaret Thatcher. While she carries the distinction of being the party’s longest serving Prime Minister, she also earned the party disrepute and growing unpopularity – something that confronts the party even today. Even two decades after retirement from politics and party leadership, Margaret Thatcher is still being blamed for the Conservatives’ hiatus from power since 1997. The party has never seen three consecutive defeats in parliamentary elections as it did since 1997. Ideally, such a debacle should have led to a revamp similar to the one conducted by Rab Butler after the Second World War. But Thatcher had not only altered the common pattern of Tory governments by pursuing a new right-wing policy framework, she had also distorted the nature and image of Conservative party leadership. To expound further, â€Å"for most of the 20th century, Conservative leaders were successful because, on the whole, they refused to place themselves at the mercy of their activists. Churchill, Eden and Macmillan were merely the most prominent leaders who felt uneasy with Tory activists, and instead saw their role as being to represent the aspirations and needs of the vast swathe of public opinion outside the party. This led to electoral success, and that, in turn, placated the activists. Thatcher was unusual in that she drew her inspiration from the deepest wells of Conservative activism. She carried the same, insular ideological baggage, and viewed the world through the same prism, as her constituency followers.† (Kampfner, 2003) As a result, the Tories’ activists found their ideal leader in Margaret Thatcher. Following Thatcher, her successors have not been able to pose any meaningful challenge to the right-wing’s stranglehold on policy. More worryingly, the exercise of choosing candidates for parliamentary seats, as a result of becoming an entirely local affair, â€Å"has led to a much more ideological brand of MP†. Hence, under the reign of Margaret Thatcher, the liberal elements in the party leadership had been overwhelmed by the ultra-conservative grass roots supporters (Kampfner, 2003). The cornerstone of Margaret Thatcher’s leadership was not its compassion towards British citizens, but rather a ruthless approach to what she deemed as progress. Thatcher, more than any other leader of her party, was the most vocal in promoting capitalism and its attendant privatization. The merit of such dogmatic approach to governance is debatable but she nevertheless forced many changes in the name of progress. But Thatcher’s iron-fisted efforts were to leave the Conservative party and its political philosophy a legacy of disrepute. In other words, it ended up being a traumatic process â€Å"that cost her the leadership and nearly destroyed her party. No Conservative leader after her has been able to slow the party’s decline into a rancorous rabble. If John Major was unable to nudge it back into the mainstream, William Hague and Iain Duncan Smith fared no better in their attempts to lead it from the right† (Coxall Robins, 2003). With ties to tradit ion broken in this way, the party had become impossible to manage. A little later in the party’s history, the rise and fall of William Hague demonstrates the sort of weak leadership the party has come to be associated with in recent years. Hague, who showed a lot of promise and potential, to go along with his pleasant and amiable personality, took the Tory party into deeper chaos with his infamous speech about â€Å"a foreign land†, further alienating the party from racial minorities inBritain. Coming at a critical time as it did, the speech was even condemned by the parties own backbenchers. For example,

Anti-Terrorism Bill essays

Anti-Terrorism Bill essays The senate, in regards to the safety of America, should pass the bill proposed by Ashcroft. Our lives in America are no longer calm and idyllic. We have been struck by these horrid attacks on September 11th, 2001. It is time to struck back and take action and we need to pass the bill to obtain the protection needed for America. Terrorism is a clear and present danger to Americans today and the American people do not have the luxury of unlimited time in erecting the necessary defenses. Terrorism is a threat to America. We must take action to prevent the terrorists from invading our safety in this country. This bill will help increase security and allow law enforcement to seize suspected terrorists. Our best defense right now is to pass the bill because safety comes first in a situation like this. We need to be more cautious and enhance our security to protect the good citizens in America. We need this bill to authorize search and surveillance. It is stated in section 201 of the bill that they will enforce the Alien Terrorist Removal Procedures. This provision would authorize the INS to deport aliens accused of engaging in terrorist activities. It is critical to be more vigilant and be aware of all activities around us. The bill will allow broader disclosure of grand jury information. It is important for us to increase our wariness and make sure we will not be attacked by terrorists ever again. The bill serves as our protection in America. Many people argue, The civil liberties we value so much as a society are at stake. Although it is often times mentioned that our rights will be violated, it is undeniable to say that America needs this bill. We need examination and protection to give us assurance in this country. The bill is meant to allow authorities to detain individuals only when they are already in violation of the immigration law. It is not meant to shred our constitution ...

Case study on tata nano

Sunsilk was introduced in 1989 in Pakistan with three variants related to hair types. Endorsement of a hair stylist was the first step in building the image of the brand as a hair care expert. With the competition from local and multinational companies due to rationalization of excise duties, Sunsilk has not been able to gain the desired share in the market. To strengthen the brand, LBPL decided to re-launch Sunsilk with a premium range consisting of four variants in January 2000. In 2001, due to the constant research of their affiliated hair care institutes, the need of a shampoo for oily hair was observed and they launched a new variant of Sunsilk having citrus extracts. 1. 2 Background: LBPL, the largest consumer goods producing company in Pakistan, was incorporated here in 1948 and started building their factory at Rahim Yar Khan. This factory was inaugurated formally in 1951 by the then Governor General of Pakistan. LBPL moved into the personal care product business in 1981. It has gained a major market share due to the introduction of quality brands likeSunsilk, Lifebuoy, Lux and Fair Lovely. Lever Brothers was the recipient of Management Association of Pakistan (MAP) and Karachi Stock Exchange awards in recognition of its performance. For the purpose of MAP award, it was judged the best among the companies that have performed well in the areas of Financial Discipline, Management practices such as Risk Management, Corporate Governance, Social Responsibility and Research Development. Lever Brothers is committed to investment and modern production facilities thereby contributing to economic growth and employment opportunities. 1. 3 Statement of Problem: Their main target market is females between the ages group 16-40 belonging to the two upper income classes. But in their promotional activities, they cover the whole market irrespective of these classes. Competitors’ Review: The major competitor of Sunsilk in the rural areas is Bio Amla while in the urban areas, Sunsilk faces cutthroat competition with PG. The main advantage of Bio Amla is its Herbal composition and low price, which attract the rural market, but in terms of quality, they are far behind Sunsilk. In urban areas, Sunsilk is acting as a market challenger against PG. Sunsilk has got the advantage of keeping their prices lower than PG shampoos but PG has captured a bigger share of the market due to its intense promotional activities. 1. 4 Objectives of the study: 1. To carry out the review of literature on brand, brand awareness and consumer behavior. 2. To study the socio economic characteristics of women consumers in Bangalore. 3. To identify the factors influencing brand awareness of Sunsilk shampoo. 4. To identify and interpret the factors involved in quality and benefits offered in the shampoo product. 5. To know the impact of brand awareness in sales improvement of the shampoo product. 1. 5 Research Methodology: Literature survey has been carried out using research journals, books and websites. Socio economic stratum of women consumers have been identified using socio economic classification grid during personal interview at individual households. Factors influencing brand awareness of shampoo products have been analyzed with the data collected from questionnaire. Comparative study has been carried out based on advertisement awareness with the competitor. Pareto analyses have been used to identify the major quality problems in the shampoo product. 1. 6 Company Objectives: Neither our own nor our major competitors’ objectives are simple or obvious. There are many choices between short term and long-term profit, between growth and cash flow, between growth in assets and growth in earnings, between proportions of earnings paid to share holders as dividends or reinvested. It is reasonable to assume that these different objectives of different competitors predetermine some of their strategies and tactical behavior. Assess the concept of product acceptability, credibility and perceived benefits. Examine consumer’s assessment of the product, in terms of product performance and related benefits. Explore consumers’ reaction towards packaging. Understand consumers’ perception of quality advertisement in terms of its impact. 2. Chapter II 2. 1 Mission Statement: The New Sunsilk Shampoo aims at fulfilling the needs of its target market by offering a high quality, assessment of the concept in terms of its acceptability, credibility and perceived benefits, that it offers a healthy choice shampoo alternative to the targeted consumer. The theme of the product shall be anchored around the motto: â€Å"Softness, shine and manageability of Hair† Figure 1 2. 2 Packaging: The packaging design for the New Sunsilk range is extremely exciting and has been developed by Brown Inc. UK. The packaging makes the brand look expert and modern. This packaging makes the brand look more contemporary and hi-tech. It ensures more emphasis on the variants that have already been a part of the product but never been communicated to the customer that well. This new packaging has clearly identified that there is a separate product for each hair type. Currently, the range consists of: Yellow Sunsilk with Bio Proteins from Vegetable Extracts: Normal hair needs wholesome nourishment. New Sunsilk with Bio Protein extracted from Vegetable milk has nutrients that deeply penetrate each hair strand, to nourish it leaving hair strong and beautiful. Black Sunsilk with Melanin from Plant Extracts: Dull hair needs a rich black shine. New sunsilk with Melanin extracted from plants serves this purpose very effectively. It helps in the growth and retention of the black color of hair, giving it a rich black shine. . Green Sunsilk with Fruitamins Vitamins from fruit Extracts: Thin and limp hair needs extra body and volume. New sunsilk with Fruitamins has natural extracts from fruit that contains Vitamins. These vitamins help in giving extra body, shine and amazing manageability to the thinning and lifeless hair. Pink Sunsilk with essential Oils from Flower Extracts: Dry hair needs wholesome conditioning, extra shine and styleability. New Sunsilk with essential oils makes the dry hair full of life. Its especial ingredients moisturize each hair right to its tips leaving it shiny and beautiful. Orange Sunsilk with active nutrients from Citrus Extracts: The advanced formula of orange Sunsilk is the result of the latest research. This shampoo is especially designed for oily hair type that looks flat and greasy due to the excess of moisture. New sunsilk with active ingredients from citrus extracts cleans the excess oil off hair while its nutrients deeply penetrate each hair strand to nourish it. Customer Review of Product Usage Figure 2 2. 3 Pricing Objectives: Lever claims to practice value-based pricing in which the customers’ perception of the product’s price provides a starting point for developing the marketing mix of the product. The research department determines this price usually by using focus groups. The price of RS 3 for Sunsilk shampoo sachets shows how the price also reflects a concern to make the purchase more convenient, since the rupee is dominated in this value. The primary importance of this value-based pricing is that the product demand will be much higher if its price is in line with the customer’s perception of its value. One crucial concern for value-based pricing is strict management of cost in order to be able to make a profit at the value-based price. After the initial price is determined, Lever then uses target costing in order to achieve the required profits. With the marketing plan now being termed as ‘Annual Contract’ the importance of meeting the profit margin requirements has increased. Target costing thus provides an essential tool to manage cost effectively. The characteristic of monopolistic competition typifying the market sets the threshold for pricing. This market consists of many buyers and sellers trading over a range of prices. The key element is differentiation, which allows the seller to gain market share in contrast to competitors. Given this market condition, Lever differentiates its products and also sells them in different price ranges to cover at least a large portion of the market. Also this makes Lever more sensitive to price changes of competitors’ products. Last year PG revised their prices which has increased the prices of their shampoos considerably but Sunsilk has maintained its prices and their prices are much lower than PGs’, which is a major blow to PG because being a poor country people go for products which are within the range of Rs. 100. Figure 3 2. 4 Promotion objectives: Build top of the line consumers’ awareness. Creating a personality of the brand. Besides having these general objectives, the advertising objectives are set avoiding to the advertising strategy for each product, e. g. Sunsilk advertising objectives since it was being re-launched were: To increase the usage. Conditioning benefits. Makes the hair appear clean and shiny. Imparts a feeling of freshness-due to fragrance. Easy to manage, silky, soft hair. Unique shampoo for every hair type. Effectively communicate brand promise. 2. 5 Advertisement objectives: The advertisement of a product should follow the smile approach that is: S Simple M Memorable I Interesting with relevant information L Linked to the brand E Emotionally involved and liked. The advertisement should be in line with the past ad (if any). The ad should have a good advertising idea. Advertising should meet the brief Message clearly communicated Advertising should fit the brands personality An add is usually changed after 18 months TARP(Target Audience Rating Points) 2. 6 Advertising strategy: A product’s particular advertising strategy also depends on the level of competition involved with each product. For example shampoo ads previously used to provide emotional benefits but when PG entered the shampoo market with it’s shampoo Pantene, it revamped the whole situation, Pantene ads promoted the shampoo’s functional benefits, which greatly appealed the consumers. Levers seeing this trend changed its advertising strategy for Sunsilk so that Sunsilk advertisements also promoted the shampoo’s functional benefits. Thus Lever evaluates the product’s present position in the market, the promotion objectives it wants to achieve and the level of competition involved while setting the advertising strategy for a product. Elida Hair Institute does a lot of research and they come up with innovation in the product. Elida provides credibility that Sunsilk is not locally made but it is based on a lot of research by internationally accredited institutions. Lever believes that messages about product delivered by credible sources can be very persuasive. Hence Nabila who is an hair care expert endorses Sunsilk and more value is added to the brand. Consumers relate to products itself, they can relate to a human being who consumers believe is an expert so if Nabila is an expert so is Sunsilk. Nabila a recognised and highly qualified hair stylist is used by Sunsilk in its ads because they want to bring out an expert’s image. Sunsilk has come up with a new promotional campaign GOOD HAIR DAYS in six major cities in collaboration with famous hair stylists of the country. 2. 7 Advertising Evaluation: Lever also carriers out on extensive evaluation process. Target audience rating points are used to evaluate a product. Households are monitored in various cites to get consumers response and feedback. R-Lintas carriers out in own evaluation proceeds for its advertisement. Weekly figures are presented by research department. Regarding sales which have been carried out by extensive surveys. Products manager themselves have to visit the Consumers’ View of Sunsilk Advertisements Figure 4 2. 8 Distribution Objective: â€Å"To reach as many towns and villages as we can† Lever has 150 distributors whose function is to sell to wholesalers directly. There are different distributors for different areas. They are carefully selected and their performance is constantly evaluated. They appear extremely satisfied with their channel systems and have a good rapport with them. We feel that this is essential since these are not too many levels, thereby preventing channel complexity and allowing Lever greater control. Lever’s statements were verified by our consumer survey, which revealed that the retailers were very satisfied with Lever’s distribution system, which allowed well-stocked shelves. This is an added advantage, since the consumers undergo habitual buying behavior. Sunsilk has a very good distribution network all over the country. They have struggled hard to adopt such channels that guarantee the perfect results regarding the placement of their product. These distributors are given clear instructions regarding the selection of the retailer and to make sure that the retailer; Knows about the significant characteristics of the product. Places the product along with its major competitors like PG. Displays the sachets distinctly. They give off and on offers as trade promotion incentives to their distributors. The distributors contribute to the promotion of Sunsilk by word of mouth. 2. 8. 1 Strengths Lever Brothers Pakistan Limited is one of the largest organizations in Pakistan. Company has advanced technology and well skilled professionals. The New Sunsilk Shampoo is a high quality product in terms of hair protection. The target market is educated, professionals and belongs to premium and middle class. Company totally owned, systematic distribution network, transparent communication system. Participative management style Very good distribution network all over Pakistan, in all major and small cities. 2. 8. 2 Weaknesses: Competitor has strong promotional activities. Imported brands also available in the market. Customers are offered better alternatives by the competition. 2. 8. 3 Opportunities: Population expanding at a rapid rate. Consumers are becoming more quality conscious Current capacity utilization is 80%, which can be further broadened with the increase in demand. Customer base is increasing with effective marketing. Baby shampoo is another area where Lever Brothers can make huge gains. Shampoo plus conditioner and anti-dandruff shampoos are another area where lever brothers can earn huge profits. Rural areas are a large prospective market where they can introduce Sunsilk. 2. 8. 4 Threats: Political and Economic factors. Partial Government policies. High rate of competition. Local and Foreign competition. Smuggling via Afghan Trade Transit is one of the big hurdles faced by Sunsilk. Supplies from Indonesia and Thailand is another important issue. 3. Chapter III 3. 1 Summary: This marketing plan forms the basis of the introduction of an innovative and unique productby Sunsilk. The analysis allows us to the best strategies to help our product be successfulwith the internal and external environments which we have analyzed at our bestunderstanding. Sunsilk Hair Colour Shampoo will be marketed as a unique and convenientproduct for consumers who need and want to colour their hair. And we would like tomaintain the company’s status as the 2nd brand leader in hair care industry in Pakistan. Themarketing strategies will enable us to reach the target sale ofRs 50 million by end of first year and also bring awareness to the consumers in the sixmonths about the new product, and reach at least 80% consumers in Pakistan. The hair colourindustry is currently in the growth stage and the number of people who wish to colour theirhair is growing day by day. Customer have been introduced by hair colouring products andthere is a existing industry for colour in Pakistan, but Sunsilk Hair colour Shampoo is a newinnovative product which is convenient for consumers to use and also less harmful then otherproducts available. IntroductionThis plan has been prepared as an assignment for Marketing Strategies and Operations classat London Business School of Finance. The plan will provide background information aboutthe current environment in which Hair colour products are operating in Pakistan. It will alsodiscuss the present state of hair colour products in general, which will include information onthe company and its interest in extending product range in Pakistan, and give a broader ideaof how the brand will be introduced and marketed in the current environment. Company BackgroundSunsilk is a product of United Kingdom, which was launched in 1954. Sunsilk wasintroduced by Unilever (LBPL), who are the largest consumer goods producing company inPakistan, especially in personal care products. Unilever was found in 1930 by AntoniusJohannes Jurgens and William Hulme Lever. It was incorporated here in 1948 at Rahim YarKhan. Sunsilk was introduced in 1989 in Pakistan with three different types of shampoos fordifferent hair texture. Getting Support from hair stylist was the first step in constructing theimage of the brand as a hair care expert. In beginning of introduction of Sunsilk brand, it wasbeing raided by other competitors, in which, sunsilk was not able to gain the desired share inthe market 3. 2 CONCLUSION The survey helped in understanding the consumer perception on brand awareness and position of product in the market. It was observed that consumer’s expectations were, Quality, benefits offered and packaging of shampoo product. Based on the results obtained, integrated marketing communication was suggested, as a result an improvement of 8% to 12. 6% was observed in target population. Lagging quality Attributes have been identified for the improvement of sales by 45. 39%. Suggestions towards improving brand awareness through quality attributes have been made. 3. 3 Recommendations: Lever, Pakistan realizes the huge potential of the rural markets, i. e. 72% of the total population, but has not yet developed a successful strategy to penetrate this market. The success of Levers Hindustan should be emulated, which has successfully captured the rural market by two key strategies; firstly, by developing a strong distribution infrastructure and secondly, by adapting the packaging and pricing to this market. Lever should increase the buying of raw materials from local markets so that it does not have to suffer excessively from devaluation and continuous increase in tariff rates. This would also negate the adverse affect on sales volume due to smuggled foreign product. Lever should introduce a smaller (100 ml) pack of Sunsilk shampoo in order to capture the lower income segment. Lever should enter into WEB Marketing. The Legacy Soccer Foundation sponsored mainly by Levers, should be emulated by Levers Pakistan in the area of cricket since it is the most popular sport in Pakistan. Levers could also provide consumers with a hot line number where they can call in to complain or to ask specific questions about Lever’s products. These hot line numbers can also advise consumers about their hair type and other hair related queries. Such a strategy would highlight Levers concern for the public as well as helping it to gain market share. They should increase the frequency of their advertisements on electronic and print media. They should introduce 2 in 1 composition, i. e. shampoo plus conditioner which is the demand of a huge potential market.

Application As Physician Assistant Personal Statement

Application As Physician Assistant - Personal Statement Example For five years, I worked as an Emergency Medical Technician for 72 hours a week, or more, whenever possible; and did my best at school. These challenges, and the psychiatric disorders of both, my mother and sister, provided the impetus for my decision to pursue a Physician Assistant Program. Thus, I have affirmed that my previous health care experiences and the commitment to undertake message-based volunteering with autism patients, veterans and chronically depressed patients in my Santa Ana Community through the California Fellowship of Neuromuscular Therapists organization, make me qualified to pursue the PA Program. I want to be a PA for professional growth in the medical field and to enable me to support my family and my community who needs health care workers who understand the "options" and "limitations" in their lives and can work with them to face an under-education in healthy resistance to care. I excelled in massage therapy school, with a 97% rating. I acknowledge that PA s chool is more difficult; yet, I strongly believe I would excel due to the time management skills that have been developed; and a perspective that recognizes placing education, as the priority. I affirm my conviction that I could be an instrumental contributor to the well-being of people through undertaking the responsibilities of a physician assistant. The challenges and difficulties that I have encountered in life were seen as little blessings in disguise to pursue a productive and rewarding profession.

Conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Conclusion - Essay Example Based on the expected value, manufacturing of pipes is more favorable despite not taking into account positive side influences producing additional tubes, which is reaped from the present manufactured pipes. The decision to manufacture pipes is mainly based on the NPV of the projects under specific conditions. In the scenarios, NPV of undertaking the project reduces equating it to the corresponding NPV of purchasing the pipes. Moreover, this results in the decrease of incremental cash flow for the project to zero thus making the strategy unfeasible (Dayananda, pp.124-178). Lowering the price by the supplier changes the NPV to change by $ 100,000. Therefore, it is profitable for Great Lakes Pipe and Tube to purchase the pipe from the underlying supplier at the expense of manufacturing 10 inches and corresponding 12-inch pipes. Nevertheless, the percentage development of the GLPT in production of the 3, 6 and 8-inch pipes will result in lowering the cost of purchasing the 10 and 12-inch

Leadership Styles Management Essay Example for Free

Leadership Styles Management Essay → Production-centered managers – set rigid work standards, organized asks down to the last detail, prescribed work methods o be followed and closely supervised their subordinates work → Employee-centered managers – encouraged subordinate participation in goal setting and in other work decisions and helped ensure high performance by inspiring trust and respect most effective leadership Most effective leaders were those who had supportive relationships with their subordinates, tended to use group rather than individual decision making, and encouraged their subordinates to set and achieve high performance goals. Managerial Grid (Blake and Mouton Studies) developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton identifies 5 different types of management behaviors based on the various ways that task-oriented and employee-oriented styles can interact with each other Style 1,1 (impoverished management) – low concern for people, low concern for tasks or production laissez-faire management – leader abdicates his or her leadership role Style 1,9 (country club management) – high concern for employees, low concern for tasks Style 9,1 (task or authoritarian management) – high concern for production and efficiency, low concern for employees Style 5,5 (middle-of-the-road management) – an intermediate amount of concern for both production and employee satisfaction Style 9,9 ( team or democratic management) – high concern for both production and employee morale and satisfaction ; most effective leadership behavior Hi. Alam kong FC ako sa ginagawa ko pero di ko na talaga matiis eh. Haha. Sorry kung na-intrude ko ang privacy mo dito sa FB. Masyado lang kasi akong na-mesmerized dun sa story mong ICH Book 1. Di ko nga alam kung gagamit ako ng po at opo o tatawagin kitang Ate habang tinatype ko to.Haha. Kahit hindi ako nagcocomment sa updates mo (sorry po, tinatamad kasi akong gumawa ng account doon :D), gusto ko lang sabihin na nagustuhan ko yung plot ng story mo at grabe ang kaba ko habang papalapit na ako sa ending. Kahit ending na sya, naramdaman ko pa rin yung thrill. Hindi nakakasawang ulit-ulitin. Noon pa, curious na talaga ako sa identity mo pero may hint na ako na sa UP ka nag-aaral dahil dun sa jeepney ekek na nasabi mo. :3 Curiousity killed the cat but satisfaction brought it back. Wala lungs trip ko lang po isingit to. Mehehehe. Nakita ko po kasi yung link para sa FB account mo kaya ni-click ko na. XD First time kong mag-message sa isang writer ng story kaya pagpasensyahan mo na ako kung mukhang walang sense itong na-type kong message. Wahaha. Yun lang, byebye. =) FC ako, SORRY po ulet. :)))) System 4 Management Rensis Likert, incorporating the basic style categories of task orientation and employee orientation, devised his own model of management effectiveness. Four Leadership Systems System 1 characterized as exploitive and authoritative Managers make all work-related decisions and order their subordinates to carry them out. Failure to meet the managers goals results in threats or punishments. Managers have little trust or confidence in subordinates. Subordinates fear the managers. System 2 benevolent authoritative Subordinates who meet or exceed the managers goals may be rewarded. Managers have a condescending attitude toward their subordinates and subordinates are cautious when dealing with their managers. System 3 consultative Managers set goals and issue general orders after discussing them with subordinates. Subordinates can make their own decisions about how to carry out their ttasks. Rewards are used to motivate subordinates. Subordinates feel free to discuss most work-related matters with their managers, who, in turn, feel that to a large extent subordinates can be trusted to carry out their tasks properly. System 4 participative Likerts final and most favored management style Goals are set and work-related decisions are made by group. To motivate subordinates, managers not only use economic rewards but also try to give their subordinates feelings of worth and importance Performance standards exist to permit self-appraisal by subordinates, rather than to provide managers with a tool to control subordinates. Interaction between managers and subordinates is frank, friendly, and trusting. Low productivity → Systems 1 and 2 styles High productivity → Consultative or Participative leadership style System 4 management → desirable management in a wide variety of work situations High in consideration Lowest turnover rates Highest employee satisfaction Low in consideration High in initiating structture High grievance and turnover rates

Rake’s Progress: Bedlam in Bethlam Essay -- British History, Mental He

Rake’s Progress: Bedlam in Bethlam The human brain is a vast, unexplainable, and unpredictable organ. This is the way that many modern physicians view the mind. Imagine what physicians three hundred years ago understood about the way their patients thought. The treatment of the mentally ill in the eighteenth century was appalling. The understanding of mental illness was very small, but the animalistic treatment of patients was disgusting. William Hogarth depicts Bethlam, the largest mental illness hospital in Britain, in his 1733 painting The Madhouse1. The public’s view of mental illness was very poor and many people underestimated how mentally ill some patients were. The public and the doctors’ view on insanity was changing constantly, making it difficult to treat those who were hospitalized2. â€Å"Madhouses† became a dumping ground for people in society that could not be handled by the criminal justice system. People who refused to work, single mothers, and children who refused to follow orde rs were being sent to mental illness hospitals3. A lack of understanding was the main reason for the ineptness of the health system to deal with the mentally ill, but the treatment of the patients was cruel and inhumane. The British’s handling of mentally ill patients was in disarray. The knowledge of mental illness was very small. Doctors did not understand how to diagnosis or treat mental disorders. They did not understand how the brain functioned and what to expect from people in certain situations. Many symptoms of physical illness today were considered mental illness in the eighteenth century. The constant shaking due to Parkinson’s disease was misinterpreted as a mental condition and treated as such4. These patients were placed into... ...glish Madness. 55. 18. Scull, â€Å"Moral Treatment Reconsidered.† 107. 19. Scull, â€Å"Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† 11. 20. Scull, â€Å"Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† 11. 21. Scull, â€Å"Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† 14. Bibliography Hogarth, William. The Madhouse. 1733. Scull, Andrew. â€Å"Moral Treatment Reconsidered: Some Sociological Comments on an Episode in the History of British Psychiatry.† In Madhouses, Mad-doctors and Madmen, edited by Andrew Scull. 105-121. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981). Scull, Andrew. â€Å"The Social History of Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† In Madhouses, Mad-doctors and Madmen, edited by Andrew Scull, 5-35. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981. Skultans, Vieda. English Madness: Ideas on Insanity 1580-1890. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1979. Rake’s Progress: Bedlam in Bethlam Essay -- British History, Mental He Rake’s Progress: Bedlam in Bethlam The human brain is a vast, unexplainable, and unpredictable organ. This is the way that many modern physicians view the mind. Imagine what physicians three hundred years ago understood about the way their patients thought. The treatment of the mentally ill in the eighteenth century was appalling. The understanding of mental illness was very small, but the animalistic treatment of patients was disgusting. William Hogarth depicts Bethlam, the largest mental illness hospital in Britain, in his 1733 painting The Madhouse1. The public’s view of mental illness was very poor and many people underestimated how mentally ill some patients were. The public and the doctors’ view on insanity was changing constantly, making it difficult to treat those who were hospitalized2. â€Å"Madhouses† became a dumping ground for people in society that could not be handled by the criminal justice system. People who refused to work, single mothers, and children who refused to follow orde rs were being sent to mental illness hospitals3. A lack of understanding was the main reason for the ineptness of the health system to deal with the mentally ill, but the treatment of the patients was cruel and inhumane. The British’s handling of mentally ill patients was in disarray. The knowledge of mental illness was very small. Doctors did not understand how to diagnosis or treat mental disorders. They did not understand how the brain functioned and what to expect from people in certain situations. Many symptoms of physical illness today were considered mental illness in the eighteenth century. The constant shaking due to Parkinson’s disease was misinterpreted as a mental condition and treated as such4. These patients were placed into... ...glish Madness. 55. 18. Scull, â€Å"Moral Treatment Reconsidered.† 107. 19. Scull, â€Å"Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† 11. 20. Scull, â€Å"Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† 11. 21. Scull, â€Å"Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† 14. Bibliography Hogarth, William. The Madhouse. 1733. Scull, Andrew. â€Å"Moral Treatment Reconsidered: Some Sociological Comments on an Episode in the History of British Psychiatry.† In Madhouses, Mad-doctors and Madmen, edited by Andrew Scull. 105-121. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981). Scull, Andrew. â€Å"The Social History of Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† In Madhouses, Mad-doctors and Madmen, edited by Andrew Scull, 5-35. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981. Skultans, Vieda. English Madness: Ideas on Insanity 1580-1890. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1979.

Hope by Emily Dickinson Essay

Can you imagine life with out hope? I think Emily Dickinson may have used hope a lot in her life and that’s why she wrote this wonderful poem, to inspire those without hope to give them a perspective from a beautiful bird that hope can change your life in any way you dream it. I choose to analyze the famous poem â€Å"hope† by Emily Dickinson, Such an interesting and mysterious poet she lived her entire life in Amherst, Massachusetts, only two of her poems where published in her life time, she died in 1886, she was never married and live most of her life as a recluse. In this poem Dickinson uses imagery and metaphors to describe, â€Å"hope is the thing with feathers.† Stanza One In the poem â€Å"hope† is the thing with feathers by Emily Dickinson, I love how Dickson compared the idea of hope as a bird or â€Å"feather† I think the feather symbolizes freedom as in with hope you can fly away and be free, it examines the ideas of hope as a free spirit. She uses an imaginary metaphor to describe why hope is the thing with feathers. In the first line she uses a bird to create a clear image of a free spirit, a bird flying freely reaching what ever it wants, by using hope as a bird this metaphor is saying if you have hope you can fly to where ever it is you dream of. By giving hope feathers it gives the reader an idea or illusion of hope flying freely. By hope having feathers it is like a free home, flying to a new place. In the second line that says â€Å"That perches in the soul† I believe she means the hope comes from the spirit, from very deep down in your heart. She is using another metaphor comparing a bird sitting on its perch, as our spirit is or where hope sits. In the third line where Dickinson speaks of singing a tune without words, that never stops at all, I see the song as being hope, that the bird is continuously singing its praise of hope even without knowing the words or the meaning of the song, giving us all hope that even if we don’t know the song or the words we too can sing a song of hope. Ending the first stanza with â€Å"and never stops at all† showing that this song is never ending and available to all, it never stops. Stanza Two â€Å"And sweetest in the gale is heard† tells of the birds song as the sweetest of all songs, â€Å"And sore must be the storm† showing that when we need hope the most, through the worst of life’s storms, we can still hear that sweet song of hope. In line seven Dickinson shows that without hope we could be crushed by the storm, again showing a metaphor. I believe it means that without hope you would be without wings, no way to soar above your conflicts or hope of escaping, without hope its like you have a broken wing and cannot fly anywhere. The antagonist of the poem is the one who could abash the little bird, taking away all hope, representing problems of the world the negativity, stress, financial, relationship difficulty’s of everyday life, being the hammer bearing down on us, causing pain and discomfort. In line eight that says â€Å"That kept so many warm† means that hope has brought people through a lot of things, through the cold and hurtful times. Hope is like a blanket in the winter you need it to stay warm without it you will freeze to death. Stanza Three By Dickinson saying â€Å"I’ve heard it in the chilliest lands† I see this as yet another reason to have hope and that hope is obtainable in even the â€Å"chilliest† of lands, continuing with â€Å"And on the strangest sea† that hope can reach any distance. As Dickinson ends her poem with â€Å"Yet, never, in extremity, it asked a crumb of me.† Dickinson shows us hope is free it doesn’t coast a thing, that it comes from within, not at a store or a mall, hope is what you make it, it dose not run away from you, its there when ever you need or want it, you don’t need money to use it, all you need is the right mind set then you can just take it out of your pocket and use it whenever you need it, its that simple. As you can see hope is the only thing you need, fear is the opposite. Hope doesn’t cost anything, all you need is a little faith and all your dreams will come true, hope is a free gift so why not use it every second of every day. Hope is used in even the saddest places to make them happier. The poorest person with hope is happier than the richest without hope. Some of the richest people used hope to get where they are now with just a little bit of faith and hope, that is all you will ever need in life, because it provides you with everything you will ever need. Hope exists for everyone; there is not one-person that can’t use hope. I use hope everyday and I’m extremely happy. If you have hope you can fly to your dreams in life, for example when we were all little someone asked us what we wanted to be when we grow up and no matter what that kid said he or she didn’t have a doubt in their mind that they were not going to be what they dreamed but as we get older we start to loose hope and focus more on â€Å"reality†. But the Dickinson shows us how to escape reality and dream a little. I think every one should use hope and read â€Å"hope† is the thing with feathers because it may cause you to see hope every day of your life and change your life forever.

Role and Function of Law

The Role and Function of Law James Williams Law/421 January 7, 2012 Gail B. Jabber Role and Functions of Law According to Melvin (2011), â€Å"A generally accepted generic definition of the law is a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having legal binding force† (p. 4). The scope of modern law is broad with tentacles that reach into every area of public and private dealings. Essentially law furnishes a process by which the rulings and directives to regulate certain behaviors, disagreements, plus unlawful acts are available to individuals for use in resolution of disputes and to enforce promises.Law weaves into practically every aspect of the daily activities of businesses as well as individuals within the society. The evolution of law from basically a way to protect property rights to the intricate and complex system it has become is astounding. The research will examine the numerous roles and functions of law in relation to business and society. Laws govern many facets of business. They regulate—business operation, environmental standards, treatment of employees, workplace requirements—to name a few.The broad design of the law is to discourage against predatory business practices and to protect the consumer from fraudulent advertising or receiving inferior products as well as provide remediation to victims when necessary. To accomplish this, the federal as well as state governments have policing powers to enforce the rules a society chooses to govern itself. This law incorporates into the fabric of the society. For example, there are federal and state laws that control e-business commerce plus international business dealings.Congress derives its power to regulate the flow of commercial activity along interstate and intrastate highways likewise railways together with the vehicles that transport the goods from the commerce clause. The application of these powers varies. According to Melvin (2011), â₠¬Å"However, the direct and broad power to regulate all persons and products related to the flow of interstate commerce is the fundamental source of its authority. † Furthermore, manufacturing, distribution, shipping, employment, patents, trademarks, and copyrights are under government regulation as well.Federal law supplants state law when they conflict in intrastate matters, e. g. Cipollone versus the Liggett Group, Inc. Laws hold companies responsible for product safety. Therefore, manufacturers as well as sellers are liable to consumers for damaged or defective products as well as injuries or deaths that may result from their use. For example, the government establishes laws to standardize the quality of food, drink, and medicines consumers ingest while issuing additional laws to control the mechanical quality of automobiles and appliances—home and commercial.Enterprises employ these laws throughout the production process to ensure compliance. Consequently, the publi c is safer from injury and disease through quality control of products. There are numerous federal agencies that regulate business (the Federal Trade Commission, U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, U. S. Patent and Trademark Office, The United States Trade Commission, plus The International Trade Commission), to name a few. Finally, antitrust laws keep businesses from monopolizing markets, price fixing, similarly cornering an industry.Laws touch every aspect of social behavior across walks of life. For example, the activities of a typical day may include waking at home, preparing breakfast, getting children to school, and arriving at the workplace unmindful of the laws that manipulate these acts. The day continues with the use of an identification badge to park, clock-in for work, and in some cases to access restricted areas of the building. The day concludes with a stop at the local grocery store to purchase a few items for dinner and pay for them with a bank card giving no t hought of the numerous laws that govern this business transaction.After all, the design of the law is to function in society and business in such a way that following them requires little thought. Laws provide order and a tool for the government to enforce satisfactory behavior with a precise set of rules (public laws) for citizens to adhere to, such as civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional laws. By the power of public law the government imposes penalties (fines or incarceration) for breaking the law through civil and criminal court actions upon members of the society.The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church has a rigorous set of laws, policies, procedures, and committee to vet potential ministerial candidates. However, since 1984 state law requires a criminal background check from the state law enforcement agency where the candidate resides before working in a day-care facility for children or senior citizens. The law further requires a one million dollar insurance rider for sexual misconduct charges that could result from counseling or visitations.The church complies with the intent of this legal mandate to protect the congregants from predators, and to avoid potential lawsuits that could bankrupt the church. In conclusion, the influence of law upon individuals’ lives begins at birth, and ends following death and the settlement of the estate. Law functions in marriage, separation, divorce, custody of children, birth certificates, and death certificates. To start a business, a person needs a permit, business license, and an attorney. Indeed the law influences people through the entirety of life.References Melvin, S. P. (2011). The legal environment of business: A managerial approach: Theory to practice. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Azria, S. M. (2008). Wills, Trusts, Estates & Taxation. Wills, Trusts, Estates & Taxation — Research Starters Business, 1. Bednar, J. (2006). Making Dollars and Sense. Businesswest, 23(5), 18. Bod en, D. (2008). How to take (legal) action. International Financial Law Review, 27(5), 96-99. Flynn, S. I. (2008). Business Estate Planning. Business Estate Planning — Research Starters Business, 1.

Legal, professional and ethical issues relating to patients The WritePass Journal

Legal, professional and ethical issues relating to patients Abstract Legal, professional and ethical issues relating to patients ). Once treatment has commenced it is legally required to obtain consent of the patient prior to the performance of any treatment that may substantially impact the patient (Bayliss, 2012). This legal right ensures that a patient is informed before possible life altering decisions are made. In some cases a layman patient will not adequately understand the full issue at hand, and therefore the professional associated with the concern should make the call (Kraus et al, 2013). This position of decision making capacity again touches on the elements that are directly related to the ethical and professional policies and positions of the institution that is providing the patient with care. Further, once care has begun, the patient is assured of continuity of care as well as confidentially (Bayliss, 2012). This legal underpinning ensures that an incapacitated patient will not have to make critical decisions immediately or during the procedure. A primary method of protection for patients and overall control for care providers rests in the legal institution of mal practice (Jonsen, Siegler and Winslade, 2006). Others argue that the institution of mal practice ties the hands of care providers by putting too many hurdles in way of effective care (Hafferty et al, 1994). Still others advocate for a mitigated form of malpractice that addresses the needs of the patient without threatening the entire structure of the provider’s livelihood (Corey et al, 2014). In cases that a providers services can be proven to be less than what was expected by the patient or the institution, there is the opportunity for financial redress. In order to mal practice to be claimed, there must be an existing patient and provider relationship acknowledged on all sides (Jonsen et al, 2006). A patient is legally entitled to a referral to a better provider if the first practitioner is unable to meet their needs (Bayliss, 2013). This area touches on the ethical responsibly of the provider to assist the patient in any reasonable manner (Corey, 2014). Others cite the potential for litigation if the referral goes wrong and there are problems for the patient (Hafferty et al, 1994). A continued source of worry for the medical profession is the looming threat of court action over a mistake or oversight on their part (Bayliss, 2013). 2.4 Professional Issues The entirety of the expected behaviour of any patient related institution is required to exhibit professional and exemplary behaviour (Corey et al, 2014). This expectation is tempered by region, financial issues and the available of competent staff (Urden, Lough, Stacy and Thelan, 2006). Many contend that care for the patient should come before financial or regulatory concerns (Bayliss, 2012). Regional and national political regulations play a large part in the establishment of professional standards as regards the treatment of patients in several areas around the world (Corey et al, 2014). A Professional perception is made up of the ethical and legal considerations that are relevant to the position, again providing a firm indication of the integrated nature of the legal, ethical and professional aspect of patient care (Bayliss, 2012). The professional will not neglect the rights of the patient in the pursuit of their goals (Corey et al, 2014). This facet reflects the need for the professional to terminate the relationship at the correct time, for the proper reason. In many cases, some professionals will make a billing cycle longer for the simple reason of increased revenue with little effort (Corey et al, 2014). Others describe this approach as overly cautious and cite the need to be certain of the outcome for the patient before any change of status should be implemented (Bayliss, 2012). This same sense of professionalism is extended to the form of treatment that a patient has the right to expect, with the best choice, not the latest trend being the choice (Stirrat et al, 2013). The patient must be given every component of information in order to provide an informed consent. Anything less than full transparency on the part of the provider is an ethical, legal and professional blunder (Corey et al, 2014). 3 Conclusion This essay examines the role of the legal, ethical and professional actions as regards the expectations of the patient. With the evidence presented in this review, there is argument for many issues that touch on all three aspects. Lacking a universal patient’s bill of rights, the issues experienced by patients seeking assistance can vary widely according to region and financial ability. The data presented in the this essay indicates that while the ideal system advocates for a fair and equal patient experience, it is often those that have the financial support that have the best care. The evidence presented here provided support for the contention that ethical decisions will benefit the professional and legal standing of the patient provider. By ensuring a high standard of care, the provider is doing everything possible ethically and morally to address the concern. This effort diminishes the potential legal ramifications that centre on the mal practice and court process. The areas of ethics, professionalism and legality correspond to create a complex environment for a patient to navigate. This makes it necessary to ensure a high standard of professionalism within the ranks of the patient provider network. There must be a balance as there cannot be an effort to placate the patient that becomes adverse to the overall treatment. Much like any other industry there is a balance that must be maintained in the relationship between provider and patient in order for the best results to be experienced. The modern world has provided patients with new and diverse opportunities for care in nearly every nation around the world. With the areas of professionalism, legality and ethics playing a building role in the way services are provided, there must be a continual and considered approach to each policy in order to ensure the rights of everypatient. In the end it will be the combination of all three aspects that create the opportunity for progress. References Baylis, F. 2010.  Health care ethics in Canada. Australia: Thomson Nelson. Corey, G. 2014.  Issues and ethics in the helping professions. [S.l.]: Cengage Learning. Edwards, S. J., Braunholtz, D. A., Lilford, R. J. and Stevens, A. J. 1999. Ethical issues in the design and conduct of cluster randomised controlled trials.  BMJ: British Medical Journal, 318 (7195), p. 1407. Ellershaw, J. and Wilkinson, S. 2003.  Care of the dying. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Frost, D. W., Cook, D. J., Heyl and Fowler, R. A. 2011. Patient and healthcare professional factors influencing end-of-life decision-making during critical illness: A systematic review*.Critical care medicine, 39 (5), pp. 11741189. Hafferty, F. W. and Franks, R. 1994. The hidden curriculum, ethics teaching, and the structure of medical education.  Academic Medicine, 69 (11), pp. 86171. Jonsen, A. R., Siegler, M. and Winslade, W. J. 2006.  Clinical ethics. New York: McGraw Hill, Medical Pub. Division. Kraus, R., Stricker, G. and Speyer, C. 2011.  Online counseling. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. Nettina, S. M. 2013.  Lippincott manual of nursing practice. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Purtilo, R. B., Haddad, A. M. and Doherty, R. F. 2014.  Health professional and patient interaction. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Saunders. Richardson, A. and Storr, J. 2010. Patient safety: a literative review on the impact of nursing empowerment, leadership and collaboration.  International nursing review, 57 (1), pp. 1221. Solomon, M. Z., Odonnell, L., Jennings, B., Guilfoy, V., Wolf, S. M., Nolan, K., Jackson, R., Koch-Weser, D. and Donnelley, S. 1993. Decisions near the end of life: professional views on life-sustaining treatments.  American Journal of Public Health, 83 (1), pp. 1423. Stirrat, G., Johnston, C., Gillon, R. and Boyd, K. 2010. Medical ethics and law for doctors of tomorrow: the 1998 Consensus Statement updated.  Journal of Medical Ethics, 36 (1), pp. 5560. Str, Cipolle, R. J., Morley, P. C. and Frakes, M. J. 2004. The impact of pharmaceutical care practice on the practitioner and the patient in the ambulatory practice setting: twenty-five years of experience.  Current pharmaceutical design, 10 (31), pp. 39874001. Urden, L. D., Lough, M. E., Stacy, K. M. and Thelan, L. A. 2006.  Thelans critical care nursing. St. Louis: Mosby. White, K. M. and Osullivan, A. 2012.  The essential guide to nursing practice. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association.

Ernest Hemingway Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ernest Hemingway Research Paper - Essay Example Early Life Ernest Hemingway was born in Illinois on July 21, 1899. His mother’s musical interests did not influence him as much as his father’s love for the outdoors. This spirit of adventure would later be visible in his writings (Boon 9). In high school, he edited the school newspaper Kansas City Star. He participated in the World War I for the American Red Cross as a bus driver and was injured in 1918 after an attack. After the World War I, he returned to the United States of America and met Sherwood Anderson, and in 1921 he married Hadley Richardson. A short time later he moved to Paris, France, as a correspondent of the Star. Their stay in Paris coincided with the publication of Three Stories and Ten. Hemingway wrote the drafts In our Time in 1923 and later published it in 1924. In mid-1923, the family returned to Toronto where he rejoined the Star, but he went back to Paris in 1924. In Paris, he met Gertrude Stein, and this ushered him to the world of artists and authors of the ‘lost generation’, giving an inspiration to the novel The Sun Also Rises (Bloom 11). Literary Career Death in the Afternoon The novel starts with Hemingway talking about his love for bull fighting after being introduced to the sport by Gertrude Stein. He is initially skeptical about bull fighting, as he assumes that it would cause the death of horses. This novel is a nonfiction account of Hemingway’s observation of bull fighting in Spain from the 1920’s to the 1930’s. The book gives a vivid explanation of bullfighting in Spain and his life. â€Å"The bull fight is not a sport in the Anglo Saxon sense word that is it is not an equal contest or an attempt at an equal contest between a bull and a man. Rather it is a tragedy the death of the bull which is played, more or less well, by the bull and the man involved in which there is a danger for the man but certain death for the animal† (Hemingway, â€Å"Death in the Afternoon† 22). The Old Man and the Sea This story is set in Cuba where Santiago, a fisherman, sets out to fish but fails to catch anything. His young apprentice, Manolin, is convinced by his parents to leave Santiago and go fishing in another area. Nevertheless, Manolin continues to help Santiago. Later on Santiago goes further away from his usual fishing waters, releases his fishing gear deep into the sea, hooks into a marlin, and the fish pulls his fishing boat. The fishing experience goes wrong, and he endures a lot of pain while holding the fishing equipment. Blood appears in the waters, attracting sharks; he kills them but they eat the marlin; nevertheless, he takes the skeletons to his ramshackle. The following day fellow fishermen gather around his boat in amazement and Manolin is excited upon seeing Santiago safe in bed. The story depicts bravery of Santiago, who ventures out into the sea despite having caught no fish in eighty four days. Despite the difficulties Santiago endures a nd conquers, the victory of sea and sharks is the ultimate point in the story. Our Time This is a collection of fifteen short stories. In the first part, Nick Adams is brought into an Indian Camp by his father, and a woman gives birth there. Later, Nick’s father argues with an Indian. Nick Adam’s love life follows that of Nick, and his friend Bill drinks at Bill’s house. In chapter five, Nick is thrown off a train and meets an old friend of his. Thereafter, a soldier falls in love

System evaluation and benchmark testing Assignment

System evaluation and benchmark testing - Assignment Example Strengths and Limitations of each system: Grass is open project software and can be used for finding directions to managing natural conditions. A user may put it for various purposes and achieve expected results. The Grass GIS software is a combination of raster/vector Geographical Information Software enhanced images and visualized data system. The system can be utilized by the usage of different modules but the users must know their own requirements before implementing it for use. GRASS GIS software system offers the 'GRASS Programmer's Manual.' The biggest benefit of using Grass software is that it can be used by writing custom made modules according to the user's own requirements. The users only need to read through the existing written modules to get a clear picture of the difference between what will be the output of the existing module and what output they want. When they get a clear picture it will be easier to frame a GIS module which adds on to the existing ones. This is pe rhaps the biggest feature and distinct characteristic of GRASS software that it offers the access and customization of internal structure of the system. The GRASS GIS offers a library to develop and document the modules as the Application Programming Interface. API is built to help the users in the development of the new module as a new add-on. With the help of this feature, users can help the project in growing and there will be more varieties of modules for the new users. Google Earth is proved to be vey useful in Real Estate and Engineering Industries. Google Earth uses the imagery database and also a very high pixel aspect for the printing purpose to enhance its service quality. Google Earth provides live satellite images of different parts of Earth. They may not be live in actual sense but they are updated very soon so they are mostly near to live and present most up-to-date images of world's topography. Google Earth is very beneficial for students and as well as business class people. It is helpful in providing satellite views for architectural projects, real estate decisions and also for businesses that need geographical information. During previous years, Google Earth Pro has been used by several NGOs in order to help and restore endangered life in different regions of the world. NGOs used Google Earth to collect and organize geographical sets of data, identifying sites, making maps and presenting their ideas. It is also very helpful in real estate business. The real estate dealers start to make their own portfolio of properties through Google Earth and it is perhaps the best tool to manage real estate business over seas where it will be difficult for the buyer to access the site. Microsoft MapPoint is a mapping application that is available in market for both business and home users. can easily plot geospatial data for North America or Europe. It can also geocode locations and plot routes. Although it is not having extensive functionality of a more co mprehensive GIS system like supporting ESRI format that is a standard format for GIS data, however it offers to create